通常有J開頭的,如JFrame、JDialog、JPanel、JInterFrame、JWindow、JApplet...等元件都是屬於 swing 類別
而沒有J開頭的,如Frame、Panel、Dialog、InterFrame、Window、Applet...等元件都是屬於 awt 類別
其中Applet、JApplet、swing與awt的繼承關係為:
java.awt.Panel <-- java.applet.Applet <-- javax.swing.JApple
通常一個GUI分為兩個部分:Container + Component
以swing為例,swing可以被實體化出來的:
容器(Container):
JFrame :General window
JDialog :Dialog window
JWindow :General window but dosen't have title and other basic component
JInterFrame :用來建立子視窗
JPanel :用來建立視窗中的面板
JApplet :瀏覽器使用的視窗化容器
元件(Component):
JButton
JMenuItem
JCheckbox
JRadioButton
JComboBox
JLabel
JList
JMenuBar
JPopupMenu
JScrollBar
JEditorPane
JTextArea
JTextField
JToolBar
*建立一個視窗最基本的幾行指令:
1. 實體化一個容器: JFrame myFrame = new JFrame("Title");
2. 設定視窗大小: myFrame.setSize(a,b);
3. 設定視窗是否顯示:myFrame.setVisible(true);
4. 設定當使用者關閉視窗,即結束程式:myFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
-------------至此可以建立一個什麼功用都沒有的視窗-------------
5. 加入元件到視窗中:
(1) JButton myButton = new JButton("Click");
(2) myFrame.getContentPane().add(myButton);
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
swing 的物件需要先以這個方法得到一個物件,才能加入元件
awt 的物件則可以直接加入, myFrame.add(myButton);
*首先以AWT的陽春視窗做示範:
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class testAWT { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame myFrame = new Frame("Title"); myFrame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } } ); Button myButton = new Button("Click"); myFrame.add(myButton); myFrame.setSize(250,250); myFrame.setVisible(true); } } /* Because AWT does not have "setDefaultCloseOperation();" or such functions to exit the program when user click the exit button, you have to include the class "java.awt.event.*;" to implement windowListener to achieve the function. */
編譯出來會有兩個class,一個是 testAWT.class 和 testAWT$1.class
使用 java 執行的時候,不能夠只有其中一個class 這樣子會找不到main
執行結果如下:
(接下來是 Swing....continue)
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